Testing Reference Library

a closer look at what's measured.

Explore the specific assessments, biomarkers, and genetic insights included in the tests offered at Sequence.

This reference library provides additional detail for those who want to look beyond the overview and understand what each assessment examines.

Nutrition Genome—Genetic Insights

  • Nutrition Genome examines inherited genetic differences associated with nutrition, metabolism, cognitive performance, and other aspects of health. The following categories highlight areas explored in the report.

    Digestion & Nutrition

    Diet type · Macronutrient requirements · Weight management · Vitamin C absorption · Ketosis · Fasting

    Energy & Methylation

    Methylation cycle · MTHFR · Folate requirements · Homocysteine metabolism · Fatigue

    Hormone Health

    Thyroid health · Testosterone · Estrogen · Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) · Vitamin D homeostasis

    Stress & Cognitive Performance

    Cognitive performance · Stress response · Anxiety and depression-related pathways · Sleep optimization · Memory · Work environment preferences

    Inflammation & Antioxidant Protection

    Carcinogen detoxification · Antioxidant requirements · Detoxification pathways · Inflammatory response

    Cardiovascular Health & Athletic Performance

    Cardiovascular health · Muscle recovery · VO₂ max · Muscle injury susceptibility · Triglycerides · Blood clotting

    DNA Protection & Repair

    Tumor suppressor genes · Cancer-related protective pathways · DNA repair · SIRT1

    Detoxification & Environmental Sensitivities

    Toxin sensitivity · Drug metabolism · Chemical sensitivity

    Additional Report Features

    Personalized grocery list · Recommended blood work · Genetic strengths and weaknesses summary · Detailed research and genetic variant information

    These assessments examine genetic associations and inherited differences. They do not establish current nutrient levels, diagnose medical conditions, or determine health outcomes.

TruDiagnostic—Epigenetic Biomarkers

  • TruAge evaluates biological aging using DNA methylation patterns. Its reports include the following assessments:

    Biological Aging

    OMICmAge™ — Estimated biological age

    DunedinPACE™ — Pace of aging, expressed relative to one calendar year

    SYMPHONYAge™ — Epigenetic age estimates for 11 organ systems

    Organ-System Aging

    Brain · Heart · Lung · Liver · Kidney · Immune · Inflammation · Metabolic · Musculoskeletal · Hormone · Blood · Cellular & Immune Health · Epigenetically estimated telomere length · 12-cell immune profile · C-reactive protein (CRP) · Interleukin-6 (IL-6) · Physical Function & Lifestyle · Estimated grip strength · Estimated gait speed · Smoking impact score · Alcohol impact score

    These measures are derived from epigenetic patterns and are not equivalent to direct clinical measurements.

  • TruHealth uses DNA methylation patterns to estimate health-related biomarkers across nutrition, metabolism, inflammation, cardiovascular health, and other biological processes.

    Vitamins & Nutritional Status

    Vitamin A (retinol) · Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) · Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine / pyridoxal-5-phosphate) · Vitamin C (ascorbic acid sulfate metabolites) · Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) · Inositol · Choline · Betaine

    Amino Acids & Related Metabolites

    Methionine · Cysteine· S-methylmethionine · Ergothioneine · Glutamine · Glycine · Cystathionine · N-carbamoylvaline · N-acetylthreonine · N-acetylvaline · N-acetylcarnosine · N-acetylhistidine

    Antioxidants & Oxidative Defense

    Lutein · Carotene diol · Acetyl-L-carnitine · Ergothioneine · Methionine sulfone · Allantoin · Dimethyllysine

    Fatty Acids & Cellular Membranes

    Omega-3 fatty acids · DHA and EPA · Omega-6 fatty acids · Linoleic acid · Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) · Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) · Saturated fatty acids (SFA) · Phosphoglycerides · Phosphatidylcholines · Sphingomyelins

    Cardiovascular & Lipid Markers

    LDL cholesterol · HDL cholesterol · VLDL cholesterol · VLDL particle size · HDL particle size · Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) · Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) · Triglycerides · Vanillactic acid · Phenylacetylglutamine · Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA/SDMA)

    Glucose & Metabolic Function

    Glucose · Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) · Palmitoylcarnitine · Leptin · IGF-1 · Adiponectin · Cystatin C · Erythritol · Homocitrulline

    Inflammation & Immune Function

    C-reactive protein (CRP) · Interleukin-6 (IL-6) · Serum amyloid A1 · Glycoprotein acetyls · White blood cell count · Neutrophil count · Lymphocyte count · Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio · Systemic immune-inflammation index · CD4/CD8 ratio

    Stress & Neurocognitive Markers

    Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) · Kynurenine · DHEA sulfate · Quinolinate · Neurosecretory protein VGF

    Environmental Exposure Markers

    PFOS · PFOA · HPMA · 2-hydroxyfluorene sulfate · Glyphosate

    Additional Metabolic Pathways

    Urate and allantoin · Nicotinamide riboside · Alpha-ketoglutarate

    The biomarkers listed are epigenetic estimates rather than direct measurements of their concentrations in blood. The list reflects TruDiagnostic's published assessment descriptions and may change with report updates.

IntellxxDNA—Genetic Panels

  • Examines genetic pathways associated with cognitive performance, memory, and brain health.

    Cognitive & Neurological Health

    Cognition and memory · Brain inflammation · Blood-brain barrier permeability · Brain ischemia · APOE-related pathways

    Nutrition & Metabolism

    Brain nutrient pathways · Homocysteine metabolism · Methylation · Mitochondrial function

    Hormones & Detoxification

    Hormonal influences on brain health · Detoxification pathways · Inflammation-related genetic factors

  • Combines Mental Wellness reporting with additional genetic pathways related to neurodevelopment.

    Neurodevelopment & Brain Signaling

    Autism spectrum-associated pathways · Neural connectivity · Glutamate signaling · GABA receptors · Cell signaling · Mitochondrial factors

    Attention, Behavior & Stress

    Attention and focus · ADHD stimulant response · Anxiety and stress vulnerability · Obsession, rumination and compulsions

    Immune, Gut & Metabolic Pathways

    PANS/PANDAS-related pathways · Inflammation and immune response · Gluten intolerance and gut-related pathways · Brain nutrients · Detoxification · Methylation

  • Examines genetic pathways associated with reproductive health, hormone regulation, and metabolic function.

    Reproductive Health

    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) · Endometriosis · Recurrent pregnancy loss · Miscarriage-related pathways · Fertility

    Hormonal Regulation

    Progesterone · Luteinizing hormone (LH) · Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) · Estrogen · Testosterone

    Metabolism & Hormonal Transitions

    Thyroid function · T4-to-T3 conversion · Weight management · Metabolic regulation · Vasomotor symptoms and hot flashes

    Supporting Pathways

    Nutrition-related genetics · Inflammation · Detoxification · Methylation

  • Combines the Cognition & Memory and Medical Overview reports for a broader assessment of brain and general health-related genetic pathways.

    Cognition & Brain Health

    Cognition and memory · Brain inflammation · Brain ischemia · Blood-brain barrier permeability · Mitochondrial function

    Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health

    Cardiac disease-related pathways · Blood clotting · Diabetes · Obesity and weight regulation · Osteoporosis

    Nutrition, Hormones & Detoxification

    Methylation · Homocysteine metabolism · Nutrient-related pathways · Detoxification · Thyroid function

    Additional Health-Related Pathways

    Gluten, dairy, histamine and nut tolerance · Macular degeneration · Skin cancer-related genetic pathways · Anesthesia response

  • The most comprehensive combination, bringing together Cognition & Memory, Medical Overview, and Mental Wellness.

    Cognition & Neurological Health

    Cognition and memory · Brain inflammation · Brain ischemia · Mitochondrial factors · Brain nutrient pathways

    Mental Wellness & Behavior

    Attention and focus · Anxiety and stress vulnerability · ADHD stimulant response · Obsession and compulsions · Addiction and substance-use-related pathways · Endocannabinoid signaling

    Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health

    Cardiac disease-related pathways · Blood clotting · Diabetes · Obesity · Thyroid function · Osteoporosis

    Nutrition, Hormones & Detoxification

    Methylation · Homocysteine metabolism · Hormonal pathways · Heavy metal detoxification · Glutathione-related pathways · Nutrient metabolism

    Additional Health-Related Pathways

    Food intolerance-related pathways · Anesthesia response · Macular degeneration · Skin cancer-related genetic pathways

The topics listed represent selected genetic pathways included in each report, not an exhaustive inventory of individual variants. Genetic findings are informational and should be interpreted in the context of personal health history and other relevant information.